You should always consult your doctor before making decisions about your health. Posted by Revere Health. Kidney Location Every healthy human body has two kidneys, the left and the right. Kidney Structure Each kidney has several specific parts, each of which perform their own specialized functions.
Renal hilus: An indentation on the side of the kidney that allows a place for arteries, veins and the ureter the pathway from the kidney to the bladder to enter the kidney. Renal capsule: This is a thin layer of tissue that forms a hard shell on the outside of the kidney. Renal cortex: Inside the renal capsule is a soft layer called the renal cortex, which contains seven cone-shaped renal pyramids that form the renal medulla.
Minor calyces: The renal pyramids connect to the minor calyx, which is a tiny tube that collects waste in the form of urine. Major calyces: Several minor calyces feed into three major calyces. Renal pelvis: This is the center of the kidney, and is fed from the major calyces. Location: Located in the posterior abdomen, paravertebraly in the retro peritoneum They are situated at the level of the costo-veretebral angle The right kidney is cm lower than the left Kidney, because of the large liver which sits superior to it.
Shape: Bean shaped Hilum Hilus leads into the renal sinus which contains renal artery, vein and renal pelvis. Renal vein anteriorly, Renal artery in middle and Renal pelvis posteriorly Size: Measures cm in length x 6 cm in Width x 3 cm in AP US is the best modality to obtain the size of kidneys Contour Smooth Axis Long axis - directed outwards and laterally Tilted, superior pole closer to mid line Relationship: Anteriorly the right kidney is related to the Liver, duodenum and hepatic flexure of ascending colon Anteriorly the left kidney is related to Stomach, Jejunum, Pancreas, Spleen and descending Colon Adrenal gland is superior and anterior to the Kidneys The kidney is surrounded by a distinct layer of fascia Perirenal fascia that separates the fat surrounding the kidney into the perinephric and paranephric fat.
In all animals in which the renal arteries were dissected emerged as a single vessel laterally directly from the abdominal aorta Fig. The renal veins drain in caudal vena cava in all cats. Figure 1 RK - right kidney; LK - left kidney; AA- abdominal aorta, CVC - caudal vena cava; rrv - right renal vein; lrv - left renal vein; lra-left renal artery u- ureter; ub- ureteral branch; ab- adrenal branch. The results of the kidney and vessel measurements are shown in Tab.
The renal artery skeletopy related to lumbar vertebra is represented in Tab. Thumbnail Table 4 Absolute and percentage frequencies of renal artery skeletopy at the level of lumbar vertebras in male and female domestic shorthaired cats.
The renal skeletopy of left and right kidneys related to thoracic and lumbar vertebras in male and female cats is summarized in Tab. Thumbnail Table 5 Absolute and percentage frequencies of right and left kidney skeletopy in male and female domestic shorthaired cats.
Morphometry is the scientific study of the dimensions of gross anatomical structures of organisms, with particular reference to their linear measurements and weights. These are often obtained by direct measurements of formalin-fixed specimens, especially of the brain. Results have varied and accuracies are still being discussed Peters et al. Unsolved problems of comparing brain sizes in homo sapiens. Brain Cogn. Renal length and volume measurements are clinically relevant, serving as surrogates for renal functional reserve, and are used frequently as the basis for making clinical decisions.
Serial measurements can also provide information regarding disease progression or stability. Renal disease can increase or decrease kidney size, and may or may not be accompanied by changes to the normal organ structure. Nine hundred and four normal intravenous pyelographs, from men and from women, were analyzed in a previous study Fernandes et al.
Normal renal dimensions in a specific population. Morphometry of the kidney: applied study in urology and imaging. A recent study associated the renal length to several anthropometric variables in a group of healthy Mexican adults and concluded that renal size and height were shorter in that population compared with figures published by Europeans Oyela-Carrasco et al.
They also noted that the left renal length was significantly greater than right renal length and that both renal lengths were greater in men than women in that population. An ultrasonography study of human renal dimensions in normal adult population of northeastern India, in both sexes and different ages Gupta et al.
Ultrasonographic renal dimensions in normal adult population of north-east India. Health Sci. In the present study there was no significant difference seen in any of the renal dimensions between the right and left kidneys, however male cats have larger kidneys than females only in the left antimere. In a study with nine male rabbits comparing fresh and fixed kidneys in formalin solution, Bolat et al.
Morphometric investigations of fresh and fixed rabbit kidney. Eurasian J. They also found a decrease in the right kidney thickness after fixation. It was observed that the left kidneys were more affected by formalin fixation than right kidneys. No differences were observed in renal measures, similar partially to that observed in our study, because male cats have larger kidneys than females only in the left antimere. By direct anatomical measurement, renal length in cats ranges from 3.
Feline renal ultrasonography: quantitative analyses of imaged anatomy. Previous ultrasonographical studies have reported that the normal size of the feline kidney varies between 3. Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal dimension and resistive index in clinically healthy Korean domestic short-hair cats.
The result obtained in Ragdoll cats Debruyn et al. Renal dimensions at ultrasonography in healthy ragdoll cats with normal kidney morphology: correlation with age, gender and bodyweight.
Eleven of these cases were due to tumors or cysts in the right kidney, four were due to congenital anomalies, and 15 were due to hydronephrosis. In 10 All of them were cysts or tumors of the left kidney.
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