The Cocktails are thrown against the tanks. Today, throwers either need to hit the intake or the fuel storage of the tank in order to really threaten it. During World War II, the treads of many tanks were propelled via rubber wheels which could be targeted and the crew was susceptible to cocktails thrown against the air intake for their cabin.
Its findings suggest that both armed insurgencies and peaceful protest movements are less likely to succeed in securing democracy than an unarmed movement willing to damage property and stand toe-to-toe with violent police forces.
This, and other data in the article suggests, that in recent decades citizens fighting against the state have been more likely to democratise their countries by taking mass unarmed actions against property, rather than taking to the mountains with Kalashnikovs. From the Winter War to the Arab spring, there has been a rudimentary tool in the hands of people undertaking this approach to fighting government oppression: the Molotov cocktail. Explosive devices such as grenades or landmines contain potential energy that is released as heat, light, pressure, and sound.
By contrast, incendiary devices like a Molotov only give off heat and light. They are typically made with a glass bottle or jar, a burning wick, and a flammable substance like gasoline. You throw them, they break, fire happens. This might not seem like a big distinction, but in practice, it means that a Molotov is more likely to damage property than it is to kill people. A grenade, on the other hand, is specifically designed to kill or wound large numbers of people and would be considered armed violence.
Now, with protests against police violence still raging across the US, these civilian weapons are becoming a more common sight at demonstrations in America. The war began with a bombardment of Helsinki, which Soviet foreign minister Vychaeslav Molotov claimed was a humanitarian aid drop. In here, the world slows down for the time it takes to sip your tea. Long before the heroines of the world wars, a Russian woman earned honor on the battlefield … but she had to dress like a man to get it.
Some important moments from the past have been locked away for ages. The LeanIn generation could learn a thing or two from these pioneers. Facebook Twitter Love this? A Palestinian demonstrator throws a petrol bomb towards Israeli security forces during clashes in the West Bank city of Hebron on April 4, Nationalist troops in the Spanish Civil War, Source Getty. Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. October 26, Rifles or even a shotgun would be sufficient to persuade the crew to close all the hatches, and then the view from the tank is very limited; a turret-mounted machine gun has a very slow traverse and cannot hope to fend off attackers coming from all directions.
Once sufficiently close, it is possible to hide where the tank's gunner cannot see: "The most dangerous distance away from a tank is yards; the safest distance is six inches.
By August , the War Office produced training instructions for the creation and use of Molotov cocktails. The instructions suggested scoring the bottles vertically with a diamond to ensure breakage and providing fuel-soaked rag, windproof matches or a length of cinema film made of highly flammable nitrocellulose as a source of ignition.
The demonstration involved throwing glass bottles containing a mixture of petrol and phosphorus at pieces of wood and into a hut. On breaking, the phosphorus was exposed to the air and spontaneously ignited; the petrol also burned, resulting in a fierce fire.
Because of safety concerns, the RAF was not interested in white phosphorus as a source of ignition, but the idea of a self-igniting petrol bomb took hold. Initially known as an A. The perfected list of ingredients was yellow phosphorus , benzene, water and a two-inch strip of raw rubber; all in a half-pint bottle sealed with a crown stopper.
A display of improvised munitions, including a Molotov cocktail, from the Warsaw Uprising , However, there were voices that were more cautious. There were many who were sceptical about the efficacy of Molotov cocktails and SIPs grenades against the more modern German tanks. Weapon designer Stuart Macrae witnessed a trial of the SIPs grenade at Farnborough : "There was some concern that, if the tank drivers could not pull up quickly enough and hop out, they were likely to be frizzled to death, but after looking at the bottles they said they would be happy to take a chance.
Wintringham, though enthusiastic about improvised weapons cautioned against a reliance on petrol bombs and repeatedly emphasised the importance of using explosive charges. During the Irish War of Independence , IRA fighters sometimes used sods of turf soaked in paraffin oil to attack British army barracks. Fencing wire was pushed through the sod to make a throwing handle. The Polish Home Army developed a version [24] which ignited on impact without the need of a wick.
Ignition was caused by a reaction between concentrated sulfuric acid mixed with the fuel and a mixture of potassium chlorate and sugar which was crystallized from solution onto a rag attached to the bottle. The United States Marine Corps developed a version during World War II that used a tube of nitric acid and a lump of metallic sodium to ignite a mixture of petrol and diesel fuel.
While Molotov cocktails may be a psychologically effective method of disabling armoured fighting vehicles by forcing the crew out or damaging external components, most modern tanks cannot be physically destroyed or rendered completely inoperable by Molotov cocktails; only "disabled". Early Soviet tanks had poorly designed engine louvers which allowed the admission of fuel — this design fault was quickly rectified, and subsequent armoured vehicles had engine louvers which drained fuel as well as rain water and dust away from the engine.
Most tanks and infantry fighting vehicles IFVs of the 21st century have specially designed nuclear, biological and chemical protective systems that make them internally air-tight and sealed; they are well protected from vapors, gases, and liquids.
Modern tanks possess very thick composite armour consisting of layers of steel, ceramics, plastics and Kevlar , and these materials have melting points well above the burning temperature of gasoline, which makes the vehicles themselves invulnerable to Molotov cocktails.
Only external components such as optical systems, antennas, externally mounted weapons systems or ventilation ports and openings can be damaged, which can make a tank virtually "blind" or allow burning gasoline to seep into the vehicle, forcing the crew to at least open the hatches or perhaps abandon the vehicle.
A Molotov cocktail thrown through an open hatch into the crew spaces would, like most other grenades, adversely and seriously affect the crew and equipment. Any fire in a crew space will be automatically extinguished with Halon or another fire suppressant. During the Second Battle of Fallujah US Marines employed Molotov cocktails made with "one part liquid laundry detergent, two parts gas" for 'burning out' their enemies from houses.
Molotov cocktails used by protesters in Thailand, May In Northern Ireland , Molotov cocktails were used by rioting paramilitary groups and protesters against the police, and they are also used to attack houses to burn the house or to intimidate the occupants.
In the Bahraini uprising , protesters used Molotov cocktails against security forces. As incendiary devices, Molotov cocktails are illegal to manufacture or possess in many regions. Military Wiki Explore.
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