Fuel filler: A nozzle from a fuel dispenser attaches to the receptacle on the vehicle to fill the tank. Fuel injection system: This system introduces fuel into the engine's combustion chambers for ignition. Fuel line: A metal tube or flexible hose or a combination of these transfers fuel from the tank to the engine's fuel injection system. Ethanol is considered to be environmentally friendly because it is made out of renewable resources and is a cleaner-burning fuel than gasoline.
In a time when the United States is concerned about oil reliance on other countries, ethanol use is seen as a partial solution to reduce oil dependence. The most common type of flex fuel sold in the United States is called E E85 is a combination of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. The use of flex fuel does not harm an engine that is designed to use it. Engine performance is the same when using flex fuel or regular gasoline. A car running on flex fuel does get fewer miles per gallon because ethanol does not contain as much energy as gasoline.
A car running on E85 can get 20 to 30 percent lower miles per gallon than the same car would get running on regular gasoline. The engine of a flex fuel vehicle is pretty much the same as a regular gasoline engine. Flex fuel vehicles have minor alterations to the fuel system to allow then to run on flex fuel.
Ethanol is a more abrasive fuel and produces more oxygen. Regardless of the supply situation concerned, end customers are flexible when it comes to the choice of fuel and are able to respond to possible price developments immediately. For many customers, flexibility with the choice of fuel is the key argument for buying vehicles with flex fuel technology.
The fuel rail receives the fuel from the fuel-supply system and distributes it to the fuel injectors. The electronic engine control unit ECU is the central controller and heart of the engine management system. The fuel-supply modules task is to pump the fuel volume out of the tank to the fuel rail by using a certain pressure. Derived from plants, ethanol is an alcohol that can be used as a fuel. Until now, ethanol has mainly been distilled from sugar cane or starch-containing grains.
New technologies are based on the biomass use of cellulose-containing raw materials such as China grass. The tried and tested intake manifold fuel injection technology forms the basis for flex fuel and Flexstart systems in combustion engines.
The networked system components precisely detect the ethanol proportion at all times. The control unit adjusts the air-fuel ratio accordingly, in order to deliver the requested torque efficiently. Thanks to continuous further development, Bosch offers the flex fuel systems for direct injection too. The high anti-knock properties of ethanol octane also allow vehicle manufacturers to implement a higher compression ratio and thereby a higher engine output.
The air-gas mixture cooled as a result has a higher substance content for the same volume. This improves the engine's volumetric efficiency, thereby additionally increasing the power output — perfect conditions for downsizing.
On the basis of sensor data, the control unit automatically switches to gasoline drive to guarantee a reliable and convenient start. After a short heat-up phase, the system reverts to ethanol drive. Moreover, Bosch has expanded its range by the innovative Flexstart system. It heats up — where necessary — the fuel via electronically-controlled heating elements in the fuel rail, thereby permitting a smooth start and drive even at low temperatures.
Consequently, the second fuel system and the auxiliary tank for pure gasoline are not required in these vehicles, and start comfort on cold days can be optimized. The heated fuel rail heats up the ethanol to the required temperature, and so improves the ethanol evaporation process. Unlike conventional ethanol systems, the Flexstart technology is able to avoid emissions at engine start and reduces the required injection quantity.
The Flexstart system with heating control unit, heating element and heated fuel rail from stainless steel or plastic ensures maximum convenience and unlimited mobility, even under adverse conditions.
Through consistent further development, Bosch also enables flex fuel systems to be used in combination with direct injection. Just like flex fuel and Flexstart based on port fuel injection, flex fuel systems with direct injection use a mixture of ethanol and gasoline as a fuel. Engines with direct injection generate the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber itself.
The fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber using high-pressure injectors. The flex fuel system with direct injection offers additional advantages over flex fuel systems with port fuel injection. Air and fuel are precisely metered, prepared and distributed for each combustion cycle. The result: reduced consumption and lower emissions with higher engine output.
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