Phototherapy is generally very effective for newborn jaundice and has few side effects, although your baby may develop a temporary rash and diarrhoea. If your baby has a very high level of bilirubin in their blood or phototherapy hasn't been effective, they may need a complete blood transfusion , known as an exchange transfusion. During an exchange transfusion, your baby's blood will be removed through a thin plastic tube placed in blood vessels in their umbilical cord, arms or legs.
The blood is replaced with blood from a suitable matching donor someone with the same blood group. As the new blood won't contain bilirubin, the overall level of bilirubin in your baby's blood will fall quickly. Your baby will be closely monitored throughout the transfusion process, which can take several hours to complete. Any problems that may arise, such as bleeding, will be treated. If the level of bilirubin in your baby's blood remains high, the procedure may need to be repeated.
If jaundice is caused by an underlying health problem, such as an infection, this usually needs to be treated. If the jaundice is caused by rhesus disease when the mother has rhesus-negative blood and the baby has rhesus-positive blood , intravenous immunoglobulin IVIG may be used. IVIG is usually only used if phototherapy alone hasn't worked and the level of bilirubin in the blood is continuing to rise. Murat Canpolat. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions.
Abstract Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether a portable, light-weight, light-emitting-diode phototherapy unit designed for home use is as effective as conventional blue-light fluorescent phototherapy CFP for treating hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Open in new tab Download slide. Table 1. Patient characteristics at the beginning of study in both groups. Patient characteristics. Conventional n: Home-type n: Gestational age week Open in new tab.
Table 2. P-values between the data of conventional and home-type phototherapy units. Total serum bilirubin TSB levels and rate of decreases.
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Your comment will be reviewed and published at the journal's discretion. Please check for further notifications by email. View Metrics. Email alerts Article activity alert. Advance article alerts. Although this problem can be solved by attaching fiberoptic blankets to the light source, it is not highly effective because of a limited exposure area.
LEDs produce low heat so that they can be placed very close to the infant. The life span of LEDs is longer and their energy consumption is lower than that of the conventional light sources, which make them more cost-effective. Also, gallium nitride LEDs provide a narrow spectral band of monochromatic light with a special wavelength of nm and high intensity, which overlaps the absorption spectrum of bilirubin.
Accordingly, LEDs are supposed to be more efficient than other light sources in phototherapy. There are, however, few available reports comparing the efficacy and safety of LED phototherapy with the conventional devices, only two of them used fluorescent tubes, and the results have been controversial.
In this study, we assessed and compared the efficacy and safety of LEDs with fluorescent phototherapy in the treatment of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants.
This controlled trial was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan Iran during the period August to February To find a difference of 0. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and informed consent was obtained from the parents after explaining the aim and protocol of the study.
Based on patient's document number, neonates were alternately allocated into two groups of receiving phototherapy with LEDs or fluorescent tube devices. In both the groups, the distance between the infant and the light source was kept similar 25 cm. The decision to start phototherapy was made by the attending neonatologist according to the guidelines for management of hyperbilirubinemia in low birth weight infants based on birth weight and relative health. During phototherapy, all infants remained in open bassinettes equipped with warming devices at room temperature.
They were being fed enterally alone or in combination with parenteral nutrition. Infants were unclothed except for a diaper and their eyes were covered with patches. For the infants receiving phototherapy with the LED device, nothing was placed between the infant and the light source. One single overhead unit was considered for each type of phototherapy and infants were enrolled into the trial if the phototherapy unit of each type was available at enrollment time. At the beginning of the study, new lamps were installed for fluorescent unit and were replaced during the study period after hours of use or if discolored or produced less light.
Demographic data included age, body birth weight, gender, and gestational age. Laboratory examinations included total and direct serum bilirubin concentrations at the time of enrollment, blood groups of the infant and mother, blood tests for hemolysis, unusually shaped red cells, or evidence of infection , and test for G6PD deficiency. Serum bilirubin concentrations were measured by capillary sampling at the initiation of phototherapy, and every 8, 12, and 24 hours within the first, second, and third days of phototherapy, respectively.
Axillary body temperature was measured every 4 hours. Data were analyzed with the use of SPSS software for windows version Independent t -test and Mann—Whitney test were used for comparison of parametric and nonparametric continuous variables.
Chi-square test was applied for qualitative variables. Multivariate analysis was done for controlling confounding factors. A P value of less than 0. A total of 64 newborn infants, consisted of 37 male and 27 female, were enrolled in the study with characteristics described in Table 1 and all of them completed the study [ Figure 1 ].
The rate of fall of TSB during phototherapy was 0. This resulted in a treatment duration of Bili lights. The newborn is placed under the lights without clothes or just wearing a diaper. The eyes are covered to protect them from the bright light. The baby is turned frequently. Treatment depends on 3 things: Gestational age Bilirubin level in the blood Newborn's age in hours In severe cases of increased bilirubin, an exchange transfusion may be done instead.
Alternative Names. Patient Instructions. Newborn jaundice - discharge. Jaundice Read more.
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